國中英語K6_L1文法重點 (114)

連接詞與副詞子句 | Conjunctions & Adverbial Clauses

對等連接詞概念

「對等連接詞」的功用是要連接兩個相等或相對且詞性相同的字、詞、片語或時態一致的句子。若連接兩個完整句子,對等連接詞前方要加上逗號。

AND 的用法

編號 用法 中文
(1) A and B A 和 B
(2) both A and B A 和 B(兩者都)
(3) 祈使句…, and ~ 祈使句…,那麼 ~
例句:
I like tea and coffee. 我喜歡茶和咖啡。
Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力讀書,那麼你就會通過考試。

OR 的用法

編號 用法 中文
(1) A or B A 或 B
(2) either A or B A 或 B(兩者擇一)
(3) 祈使句…, or ~ 祈使句…,否則 ~
例句:
Would you like tea or coffee? 你想要茶或咖啡?
Hurry up, or you will be late. 快點,否則你會遲到。

BUT 的用法

編號 用法 中文
(1) S. + V…, but… S. + V…,但是…
(2) not A but B 不是 A 而是 B
(3) not only A but (also) B 不只是 A 而且 B
例句:
I wanted to go, but I was too tired. 我想去,但是我太累了。
He is not lazy but smart. 他不是懶惰而是聰明。

SO 的用法

編號 用法 中文
(1) S. + V…, so… S. + V…,所以…
(2) so + beV + S. / so + 助V + S. S. 也~
(3) so + adj. / adv. 如此地… ~
例句:
It was raining, so I stayed home. 在下雨,所以我待在家。
She is happy, and so am I. 她很開心,我也是。

NEITHER 的用法

編號 用法 中文
(1) neither A nor B 既不是 A 也不是 B
(2) neither + beV + S. / neither + 助V + S. S. 也不 ~
例句:
Neither Tom nor Mary is coming. Tom和Mary都不會來。
I don't like coffee, and neither does she. 我不喜歡咖啡,她也不喜歡。

從屬連接詞概念

從屬連接詞的句型特點:
• 連接詞用來連接兩個完整的句子。
• 從屬連接詞:引導的句子為從屬子句或副詞子句,用以修飾主要句子。
• 從屬子句(副詞子句)不可以單獨存在,必須依附在主要子句之下。

⚠️ 注意!兩子句並不對等!

【考點】 一般來說,從屬連接詞必須連接兩個時間一致的子句。但當連接兩個未來動作時,從屬子句必須用現在式代替未來式。
📌 關鍵觀念:兩個未來動作的時態用法

Because Sherry was single last year, we could spend our Christmas together.
If Raphael comes tomorrow, he will be of great help to us.

💡 規則:兩個未來動作,一前一後發生:
• 先發生者用 現在式
• 後發生者用 未來式
對等連接詞 從屬連接詞
連接詞的兩端是對等的單字、片語或子句
例:and(和;而且)、or(或者)、but(但是)、so(所以)、for(因為)
連接詞引導的從屬子句,修飾主要子句,說明時間順序、因果或條件
例:before(在…之前)、when(當…)、if(如果)、although(雖然)、as long as(只要)

從屬連接詞 句型總整理

編號 連接詞 用法 中文
(1) when + 前句 同時發生 的動作 當…
(2) before + 後發生的動作 在…之前
(3) after + 先發生的動作 在…之後
(4) if + 條件句 如果;是否
(5) whether + 是非題 的句子 無論是否
(6) as soon as + 前句 同時發生 的動作 一…就…
(7) as long as + 條件句 只要
(8) because + 前句的 原因 因為
(9) (al)though + 前後 文意相反 的句子 雖然
(10) so that + 前方動作的 目的 以便於
(11) so…that… + 前方狀態的 結果 如此…以致於
(12) until + 前方動作的停止點 直到…為止

時間連接詞

📌 When 的用法

由 when 引導且用來表示「時間條件」的子句,也適用「現在簡單式」代替「未來式」的規則。
過去簡單式 過去進行式
Kevin dropped the cup when the phone rang.
→ 當電話響時,Kevin 摔落了杯子。(兩件事同時發生)
Kevin was sleeping when the phone rang.
→ 當電話響時,Kevin 正在睡覺。(表示某動作正在進行時,發生了另一個短暫的動作。)

📌 While 與 When 的差異

1. while 與 when 當連接詞時,兩者含意相同,表「當……時」。
🔸 若一定要細分,while 比較強調「在那段時間」,when 則多用於強調「在那個時間點」。
2. when / while(當……時)用來連接有時間關係的兩個子句,表兩個子句的事件幾乎「同時發生」。
3. when / while 放句首時,其引導的子句後要加逗號;放句中時,則不需逗號。
4. 短暫發生的動作用過去簡單式,較長時間的動作用過去進行式。引導的子句表「短暫的、瞬間的動作」時,常用 when;引導的子句表「持續進行的動作」時, when 和 while 都可以使用,表「在……期間;與……同時」。若要強調兩個持續的動作,多用 while。
句型 說明
主要子句 + when / while 引導的從屬子句.
= When / While 引導的從屬子句, 主要子句.
(1) While I was walking home, it began to rain.
→ 當我走路回家時,開始下雨了。(想強調的是走路回家那段期間)

(2) When it began to rain, I was standing under a bridge.
→ 開始下雨時,我正站在橋下。(想強調的是開始下雨的那個時候)

(3) I was taking a shower when you called.
→ 當你打電話來的時候,我正在沖澡。

(4) The door bell rang while Cindy was studying.
→ 當 Cindy 正在讀書時,門鈴響了。

📌 Before / After 的用法

說明 句型
1. before(在……之前)和 after(在……之後)用來連接兩個有「時間順序」關係的子句。 主要子句 + before / after 引導的從屬子句.
2. before / after 放句首時,其引導的子句後要加逗號;放句中時,則不需逗號。 = Before / After 引導的從屬子句, 主要子句.
3. before 和 after 的句子可以互相替換。
例句:
(1) He went to bed after he brushed his teeth.
→ He brushed his teeth before he went to bed.
(在他刷牙之後,他就去睡了)

(2) Before he made up his mind, he had a long talk with his dad.
→ After he had a long talk with his dad, he made up his mind.
(在他下定決心之前,他和他爸爸長談了一番)
進階講解
從屬子句與主要子句的主詞相同時,從屬子句的主詞可省略,動詞須改為 V-ing。

例句:
(1) After Mom took out the garbage, she did the dishes.
= After taking out the garbage, Mom did the dishes.

(2) Harry washed his hands before he enjoyed his meal.
= Harry washed his hands before enjoying his meal.

📌 Until / Since 的用法

1. until(直到……為止)
(1) 可當介系詞或連接詞。當介系詞時,後接有時間意義的名詞;當連接詞時,用來連接兩個子句。
(2)「not... until...」表「直到……才……」。

2. since(自……以來)
(1) 可當介系詞或連接詞。當介系詞時,常用於現在完成式,後接一個過去時間點,表動作的起始點;當連接詞時,後面引導一個過去式子句,表「自從某件事情之後」。
Until 例句:
① I told my son he could play video games until 8 p.m. 當介系詞
→ 我告訴我兒子他可以玩電玩遊戲直到晚上八點。

② Let's not go home until we win the race. 當連接詞
→ 我們到贏得賽車我們再回家吧。

Since 例句:
① I've lived in Taipei since 2016. 當介系詞
→ 我自 2016 年以來就住在台北。

② Hans hasn't talked to his girlfriend since they had a fight last week. 當連接詞
→ Hans 自上星期和他的女朋友吵架後就沒和她說話。

📌 As soon as / As long as 的用法

1. as soon as 表「一……就……」:
(1) 使用時機:用來連接幾乎同時發生的兩個子句。
(2) 主要子句是「未來式」時,從屬子句的動詞會用「現在簡單式」代替「未來式」。

2. as long as 表「只要」:
(1) 使用時機:用以表示條件,形成條件句。
(2) 主要子句是「未來式」時,從屬子句的動詞會用「現在簡單式」代替「未來式」。
As soon as 例句:
① As soon as Eric got home, it started to rain.
→ Eric 一到家就開始下雨了。

② As soon as I arrive there, I will give you a call.
→ 我一到達那裡就會打電話給你。

As long as 例句:
① As long as you finish your homework, you can play video games.
→ 只要你完成作業,你就能玩電動遊戲。

② I will do anything as long as you love me.
→ 我願意做任何事,只要你愛我。

條件與原因連接詞

📌 If(如果)的用法

(1) if 引導的子句可用來表示未來事件登生的「條件」,故稱「條件子句」。
(2) if 放句首時,其引導的子句後要加逗號;放句中時,則不需逗號。
(3) 主要子句是「未來式」時,從屬子句的動詞會用「現在簡單式」代替「未來式」。
(4) 主要子句常用助動詞 will / can / may / must 或祈使句表示條件成立後的「結果」。
句型 說明
主要子句(未來式)+ if + 條件子句(現在簡單式).
= If + 條件子句(現在簡單式), 主要子句(未來式).
If Anna comes tomorrow, I will give her the gift.
→ I will give Anna the gift if she comes tomorrow.
(如果 Anna 明天來,我會給她禮物)

📌 Because(因為)的用法

1. because(因為)& because of(因為)
(1) because 用來連接兩句有「因果關係」的子句,because 後接表原因的子句。
(2) because 放句首時,其引導的子句後要加逗號;放句中時,則不需逗號。
(3) so 也是連接「因果關係」子句的連接詞,because 和 so 的句子可互換,但兩者只能擇一出現。
句型 說明
結果子句 + because + 原因子句.
= Because + 原因子句, 結果子句.
I was hungry because I didn't have lunch.
= I didn't have lunch, so I was hungry.
(我很餓,因為我沒有吃午餐)
⚠️ 考試重點:
中文裡常用「……因為……,所以……」來說明事情,但英文中不能用「although... but...」、「because... so...」表示,因為對等連接詞和從屬連接詞不能同時出現,必須擇一使用。
比較:
【○】Although the old man is rich, he is unhappy. 用從屬連接詞連接兩個子句
【○】The old man is rich, but he is unhappy. → 用對等連接詞連接兩個子句
(雖然那個老人很有錢,但是他不快樂)

【✗】Because it is too hot, so we don't want to go out. 用從屬連接詞連接兩句時也不能使用對等連接詞
【○】Because it is too hot, we don't want to go out. → 用從屬連接詞連接兩句
【○】It is too hot, so we don't want to go out. → 用對等連接詞連接兩個子句
(因為天氣太熱,所以我們不想外出)
because vs because of:
because 後接子句:because of 後接名詞

✓ Vivian took a taxi to work today because it rained heavily.
→ Vivian took a taxi to work today because of heavy rain.
(Vivian 今天搭計程車上班,因為下大雨了。)

對比與目的連接詞

📌 Although(雖然)的用法

1. although(雖然)的用法:
(1) 連接兩 although 引導的子句,用來表達兩主要子句「對比或意料之外的想法」。
(2) Although 放句首時,其引導的子句後要加逗號;放句中時,則可選擇是否加逗號。
例句:
✓ Mandy goes jogging in the park every day(,) although she is very busy.
= Although Mandy is very busy, she goes jogging in the park every day.
(雖然 Mandy 很忙,但她每天都會去公園慢跑。)
說明 例句
1. though 當連接詞時,可與 although 互換,通常 although 使用上比 though 正式。
2. though 也可當副詞,意同 however(然而;不過),通常置於句尾,於口語中常見; although 則只能當連接詞。 I'm full. I can have some fruit, though.
(我飽了,不過我可以吃些水果。)

📌 So that / So...that... 的用法

  • so that 以便於 / in order that 為了
  • so…that… 如此…以致於
例句:
She studied hard so that she could pass the exam. 她努力讀書以便能通過考試。
It was so cold that I stayed inside. 天氣如此冷以致於我待在室內。

📝 文法測驗:請選擇正確的連接詞

第1題

I wanted to go to the party, _____ I was too tired.

A. and
B. but
C. so
D. or

第2題

_____ it was raining, we decided to stay home.

A. And
B. Because
C. Or
D. But

第3題

Study hard, _____ you will pass the exam.

A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so

第4題

_____ I finish my homework, I will go to bed.

A. Before
B. After
C. Until
D. Unless

第5題

_____ he was tired, he continued working.

A. Because
B. Although
C. So
D. If

第6題

(She can speak two languages.) She speaks _____ Chinese and English.

A. both
B. either
C. neither
D. not

第7題

Hurry up, _____ you'll miss the bus!

A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so

第8題

I will call you _____ I arrive at the station.

A. when
B. because
C. although
D. unless

第9題

I had a fever, _____ I didn't go to the party last night.

A. because of
B. because
C. so
D. but

第10題

_____ James didn't prepare for the math test, he still got a 30.

A. Because
B. Although
C. ✗
D. So

第11題

If my mom ______, tell her I'm in a meeting.

A. calls
B. will call
C. called
D. is calling

第12題

Please tell Mr. White I'm on the fifth floor _____ he calls.

A. when
B. so
C. because
D. although

第13題

_____ I see that girl in the library every day, I don't know her name.

A. Because
B. Although
C. When
D. Whether

第14題

Anna loves Hans very much _____ he is not a good guy.

A. so
B. after
C. although
D. or

第15題

He went to bed _____ he brushed his teeth.

A. before
B. after
C. until
D. when

第16題

I was _____ in the living room when the phone rang (鈴響).

A. dance
B. dances
C. to dance
D. dancing

第17題

Timmy works hard. He works _____ 12 a.m. every day.

A. since
B. although
C. because of
D. until

第18題

Your hands are dirty! Wash your hands _____ you eat.

A. before
B. because
C. or
D. when

第19題

We'll be ready _____ the typhoon comes.

A. while
B. when
C. after
D. until

第20題

_____ you arrive at the airport, give me a call.

A. Before
B. Until
C. When
D. After